Monday, 16 September 2013

Session 5: ICT & World Change

Brief Overview/ Introduction

The topic of the session was ICT & World Change- Past, Present, and Future. There are numerous aspects of ICT, but for this session, we mainly focused on the Mass Media, the Internet, Wireless technology, and interactive telecommunications. As the title indicates, we basically discussed the past, present, and future situations and application of the different areas of ICT during the session. We also discussed about whether, presently, we have successfully discovered and utilised the full potential and advantages of ICT; what barriers might be hindering us from attaining efficient usage of ICT, as well as on how we should and could do in the near future in order to capture and take advantage  of the full potential of ICT. However, nothing is perfect; everything is two-sided, having both benefits and disadvantages or risks, which is why we also talked about the risks that are inherent in the usage of ICT.

Interesting Observations & Ideas

The different areas of ICT:

Mass MediaàWe began the topic by looking and discussing about the different areas of interest in ICT. Mass media was first. Prashant gave us a very simple yet accurate definition of Mass media: Media that allows you to connect and communicate with a large number of people at the same time. The early forms of media, books, television, the early internet, shared the common trait of being passive interfaces, which meant that they only allowed a 1-way interaction, from the sources to the users, but not vice versa. Furthermore, information from the early forms of mass media were generally obtained from a single or a limited number of sources, a one-to-many interface. However, as mass media developed and evolved, the number of sources increased, leading to more sophisticated consumer who in turn demanded for more access to a greater variety of information. In addition, mass media became a platform enabling interactive communication with the public. Instead of merely being fed information, consumers in turn, were able to share their own knowledge and ideas, to share their ideas and give feedback. In a way, it changed the way companies marketed their products as they were no longer generating solutions and products solely based on their internal ideas and vision, but based on consumers’ needs and wants, thereby increasing the efficiency and effective of businesses, as well as consumers’ level of satisfaction. Then again, this increased access to a wide-range of information resulted in an increased risk of being exposed to unreliable and useless information. This highlights the importance of analytical skills that Prof advised us on last week. In order to correctly make use of ICT and technology in general, we must be able to discern the value and reliability of whatever information we are given.

The Internet:àSimilar to the mass media, the internet first started out with a very passive interface, but subsequently enabled and encouraged the sharing of knowledge and information as it progressed. Right now, we are in the process of moving from web 2.0, where most of the information are contributed by the users (Wikipedia, Amazon, etc.) to web 3.0. Web 3.0 is not only the continuation of web 2.0, whereby information is personalised, presented and given to users or consumers based on their individual preferences and needs, but it is also a version of the Internet which is invisible and inherent in devices or objects everywhere, and not just confined to computers. This is really cool, as it makes life a lot easier. Imagine my being able to control the devices in my house as I am at school. In fact, I think I don’t even have to control them, the internet is forecasted to allow device-to-device communication, for example, as I am on my way home from work, the gps tracking device in my phone or whatever could detect my journey and then notifies the aircon in my room, for example, that I’m reaching soon and then it will on automatically so my room will be nice and cool by the time I reach home. Amazing!! I definitely can’t wait for that to happen. But! As usual, nothing is perfect; this means giving up your privacy. However, I agree with Prof, if strict measures are put in place to protect personal information from falling into the hands of the wrong people, then this should not be a problem.

Social networkingàSocial networking is another example of how ICT has expanded our network and accessibility, it has enabled us to reach out to people or opportunities that we would never have dreamt about meeting. I have an Instagram friend who found her live partner through Facebook. In fact, I would never have dreamt about becoming close friends with that Australian Instagram user were it not for Instagram, unless I were to either go over, vice versa. Honestly, it’s really wonderful to see how technology has enriched our lives.

Crowd Sourcing:àSocial networking, in a way, is one of the tools which facilitates the other useful aspects of ICT- Crowd Sourcing. Crowd sourcing enables you to reach out to answers from sources beyond your common network. This aspect of ICT is exceptionally useful as you can obtain solutions from a wide-range of perspectives, giving you the luxury of choice. Hmm…with this abundant availability of choices and solutions…I guess this is where the importance of analytical skills comes in again right?

Gamingà over the years, we have seen how gaming technology can be meaningfully applied to all sorts of areas other than pure entertainment, for example in education, organisational training, healthcare, etc. Games, when applied to education can potentially be very powerful, for as Prof said, children remember and learn better from what they see and experience in games. I am especially interested in how games can be developed to help senile people, as Prof mentioned, having a grandmother with dementia myself. I found this video on Dr. Adam Gazzaley, a neurologist at the University of California San Francisco, who has been researching the effects of brain games and other mental exercises for preventing or delaying dementia and other mental disorders. In the video, he explains to us how certain games can help to delay and even prevent dementia as one ages: 


Interactive telecommunicationsà one of the important points brought up during the session and in some of the readings I the transition to peer-to-peer or device-to-device networks. As mentioned under the Internet section above, devices will soon be able to communicate and interact not only with human users but to other devices as well. Devices will become much more integrated and interconnected with one another, and they will soon be able to carry out activities automatically without the need for a user to give commands. Wouldn’t this allow a much higher level of efficiency with regards to daily activities?  I was looking out the window over dinner today and seeing the various construction sites around me (apartments have been springing up one after another around my condo for the past 5 years. There are 3 projects carried out currently. Ugh. ) I was wondering how much faster these constructions would be carried out if the cranes and drills, etc., could interact with one another and work automatically without needing a human to operate them. Oh how I wish technology could advance at a faster pace so I can finally get peace and quietness back ahahaha. :B

Cloud Computingàanother very useful and essential component of ICT is cloud computing, which allows the usage and access to information that not resident on your personal devices. (e.g Google Docs, Gmail, etc.) Companies that make use of cloud computing can see their expenditures decreasing by significant amounts. With cloud computing, these companies do not have to routinely update and maintain their internal softwares or intranet. They would just have to source for an external data storage provider and all these pesky, and extremely costly, responsibilities can disappear from their hands. They would just have to care about being punctual with regards to their monthly subscription payments to these external providers, or something of the like. This not only helps to save money, but it also frees up the companies’ resources and manpower. These companies would only need a small IT department, and its other employees can concentrate on doing other tasks which are more meaningful and beneficial to the company’s goals. I recalled that during that this was precisely the case during my 2-month attachment back in poly.

Knowledge Managementàinevitably, knowledge management, being an integral part of ICT, was discussed. With the diverse availability and access to all sorts of information that results from the development and progress of ICT, the most important skill to fully benefit from this technology is analytics and data management. We have to be able to differentiate good data from the bad, and then rely on those good data. After which, in order to transform those good data that you have gathered into valuable information, you have to present and organise them in a meaningful way, according to your needs. Knowledge is then generated when the information is spread and shared to those that matter to you (e.g employees of your company), and finally wisdom is created when everyone is able to apply the knowledge and data according to different situations and scenarios. Not only are you then able to effectively analyse data and use them for decision making, it also aids problem detection where you recognise outliers or problematic occurrences by knowing the regular and appropriate patterns. This is also brought up in reading 1, under the point on ‘putting e-commerce and trade strategies together’. It is stated that one of the key challenges of making e-commerce truly global is policymakers’ lack of ‘analytical tools to identify and craft policy accordingly.’

Moving on to the discussion on whether we have successfully captured the full potential of ICT, one of the factors that limits our being able to fully take advantage of the opportunities for ICT is the Digital Divide. Technology is mostly available to only those who can afford it, making them inaccessible for poorer nations. It is therefore essential to overcome this challenging barrier with regards to the gap in accessibility, by making significantly reducing the cost of ICT and making it available to every adult, child, all around the world. Only then can we truly capture the full potential of ICT. This urgent need to remove the digital divide and its hindrance to the successful employment of ICT is evident in the comparatively small productivity gain we’ve obtained from the Information age (5x compared to 25x in previous revolutions). We have a long way to go and numerous areas of ICT are still unexplored.

Another obstacle in our progress was mentioned in one of the readings- the lack of appropriate managerial and organisational infrastructure and knowledge in companies. Managerial encouragement and leadership in innovation is essential to creating environments where ICT-enabled business models can thrive. Telecommunication deregulation was also cited as a possible means to increase the benefit we receive from ICT as it affects the price, quantity and diffusion of the internet and wireless connections.

As previously mentioned, everything that has upsides has downsides too. The risks of ICT includes Espionage, loss of privacy, identity thefts, just to name a few. However, technology is neutral, as Prof once said, it is the person who uses it that is either good or bad, and there will always be people who will use technology for bad motives.

Key takeaway points:
This has been a very insightful and eye-opening session once again. Nevertheless, the key takeaway point from this session would be the importance of knowledge management and analytical skills. It is useless to have an extensive source of information if we aren’t able to pick out those that are truly beneficial and appropriate for our needs.


Session Rating: 9/10! :D The session is the most interesting one to me thus far. 

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